Hobbes State of Nature: Thomas Hobbes occupied the most important place in the history of modern English political thought. Hobbes is rightly regarded as the originator of modern political philosophy. Hobbes was born in 1588 and died in 1679. The idea of the state of nature prior to the appearance of social or political life was known before Hobbes. Hobbes “state of nature” was a pre-civil nonpolitical condition of mankind. His state of nature the state or condition was very unsatisfactory and intolerable. State was perpetual war where every man was an enemy to every man. Men live without proper security. There is no culture of the earth. No navigation and no commodious building.
Lockes State of Nature: John Lock was an English philosopher. His ideas had enormous influence on the development of epistemology and political philosophy. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential enlightenment thinkers and contributors to liberal theory. His writings influence Voltaire and Rousseau as well as the American revolutionaries. His notable theories are state of nature. Locke believes that man is a rational and social creature. He feels sympathy love and tenderness towards his fellow- being he wants to live in peace and harmony with others and feels bound to them by ties of social cohesion. To Locke the state of nature is a state of Good will mutual assistance and preservation.
The difference between Hobbes state of nature and Locke’s State of nature are mentioned below-
Hobbes
State of Nature
|
Locke
State of Nature
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The state or
condition was very unsatisfactory and intolerable.
|
It represents
a pre-political rather than a pre-social condition.
|
A state of
perpetual war.
|
A state is
not war but a peace.
|
Men are not
equal in power.
|
Every man is
equal.
|
Men live
without proper security.
|
Men live
proper security.
|
Every man
was an enemy to everyman.
|
Everyman lives
with peacefully.
|
There is no
culture of the earth.
|
There is
culture are existed on the earth.
|
No navigation
|
Navigation is
existed.
|
No commodious
building
|
Commodious building
are
|
No arts and
letters
|
Arts and
letters are valuable
|
No society
|
There are
existing the society
|
Natural creature
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Rational being
and social creature.
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The life of
men is solitary poor, nasty, brutish and short.
|
It provided
moral standard for social action.
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There was
only the law of nature.
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It was the
law of nature that regulated man.
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Determine
the way of life in the horrible state.
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This law of
nature based on reason and its object was to preserved society.
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There is no
freedom for men
|
State of
perfect freedom for men
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There was continuous
competitions to fulfill the need of their.
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There was no
government who could administer those laws and regulations.
|
There is no
common superior to hold in awe
|
There is
common power over men
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There were no
legal rights, no wrong, and no justice.
|
There were
exist human right and moral duty
|
State of
anarchy and war
|
State of
good will mutual assistance
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Everybody had
a fear that anyone to more powerful and executed than others
|
There was no
competition.
|
Finally we can say that Hobbes state of nature here the life of man nasty, brutish and there is no peace. But, Lockes state of nature every men are equal who possess equal, natural right and the state of good will, mutual assistance.