The modern civilized society is characterized by a large number of organizations. Our society, in a way, is an organizational society. Social organization arises whenever people interact continuously in pursuit of common goals. It consists of the behavior expectation that people have toward one another as group members.
It consists of records of observing the behavior of individuals in groups. The term organization is used in different ways to mean different things. The term is generally used to mean “an association” and “an associational group”.
Definition:
There are many definitions of organization. Some are below:
According
to Duncan Mitchell, A Dictionary of Sociology,
“The
interdependence of parts, which is an essential characteristic of all enduring
collective entities, groups, communities, and societies”.
According
to H.M Johnson, sociology, A systematic interaction, “Organization
refers to an aspect of an interaction system.”
According
to Collins Dictionary of Sociology
“A type
of collectivity established for the pursuit of specific aims or goals
characterized by a formal structure of rules, authority relations, a division
of labor, and limited membership or admission”
According
to this definition, we can get some characteristics. Those are
1. An organization is always a
type of collectivity.
2. Each organization has some
specific aims or goals.
3. It has a
formal structure of rules.
4. There are
authority relations among the members of an organization.
5. Modern
organizations have a division of labor.
6. The
membership or admission of an organization will be limited.
So, it can be said that.
Other
characteristics of the organization
1. A
definite purpose: an organization has its own definite purposes.
Without any purpose or goal, individuals come together. So, to be an
organization, it must have a specific purpose or definite role to achieve its
definite goals.
2. Consensus
among the members: the smooth running of an organization depends much on the
mutual understanding, cooperation, and consensus about per and post individual
in an organization is a must.
3. Harmony
between statuses and Roles: an organization is understood as a
mechanism that brings different people together into a network of interaction to
perform different functions. Difference of work having the different
status and roles: in an organization, different people have to perform
different roles according to their status or position. There must be harmony
between their statuses and roles.
4. Control
of the organization: The organization
maintains its control over the behavior of its members and regulates their
activities. It makes use of various formal as well as informal means of social
control for this purpose. Supreme authority controls the organization through
norms and regulation on institution.
5. Norms: In
an organization, there must be norms and values to achieve the goal of the
organization. An organization has its own norms or rules.
6. Specific
function: In an organization, different people have different types of
work. According to their ranks, everybody has specific work in the
organization.
7. Status
and division of labor: By the division of labor, the assignment
to each unit or group is specialized within an organization among the workers.
Members of an organization have different statuses.
8. Authority: Authority
is the power of convincing, influencing, or dominating others' behavior. So it
is very important in an organization. Where there is no authority, there is no
organization.
9. Bureaucracy: Bureaucracy
refers to the administrative aspect of the organization. It also refers to the
arrangement of the organization designed to carry out its day-to-day business.
It is represented by a hierarchy of officials who are assigned to perform
different responsibilities and provided with different statuses and roles.
10. Rationality: It
is very important in an organization. Here comes responsibility, systematic
reliance on knowledge in the operation of the organization.
11. Relative
performance: to be an organization, it should ensure the specific age of
working, pension, bonus, and job security.
12. Substitution: the
unsatisfactory persons of the organization can be removed, and others should be
assigned to their tasks or posts.
13. A name or
other identifying symbol: we establish organization have their own
names and also symbols. The symbols of identification may be mottoes, slogans,
songs, logos, etc.
