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Definition, Types and Causes of Unemployment

Definition

C.B Mamoria defines "Unemployment is a state of work less for a man fit and willing to work, that is, it is a condition of involuntary and not voluntary idleness"
 
“Unemployment is defined as a condition in which an individual is not in a state of remunerative occupation despite his desire do so”---- D. Mello
 
"Unemployment is often described as a condition of involuntary idleness”----Nava Gopal Das

Characteristics
  1. State of work less.
  2. State of remunerative.
  3. Condition of involuntary idleness.

Types of Unemployment

  1. Seasonal unemployment;
  2. Agricultural unemployment;
  3. Technological and Frictional unemployment;
  4. Industrial unemployment;
  5. Cyclical unemployment;
  6. Educational unemployment;
  7. Temporary unemployment;
  8. Voluntary unemployment;
  9. Involuntary unemployment or under-employment

Causes of Unemployment

  1. Individual or personal factors of unemployment.
    • Age factor
    • Vocational Unfitness
    • Illness and/or physical disabilities or incapabilities
  2. External factors or Technological and economic factors.
    • The enormous increase in population.
    • Trade cycle.
    • Technological Advance-Mechanization-Automation.
    • Strikes and Lockouts.

Other causes

  1. Un-preparedness to accept socially degrading jobs.
  2. Defects in our Educational system.
  3. Geographic immobility of the Workers.

Evil Effects of Unemployment

  • Unemployment and personal disorganization.
  • Unemployment and Family disorganization.
  • Unemployment and social disorganization.
  • Irreparable Economic Losses

Remedial Measurement and Suggestion

  1. Population control.
  2. Promoting economic development.
    • Promoting agricultural development.
      •  Irrigation projects 
      • Development of fisheries, forest, and Animal Husbandry.
      • Encourage of cottage and household, industries.
      • Encouragement for Growing Commercial Crops.
      • Attractive Local Programs and Projects
  3. Industrial development.
  4. Education reforms 
  5. Five-Year Plans