Definition
C.B Mamoria defines "Unemployment is a state of work less for a man fit and willing to work, that is, it is a condition of involuntary and not voluntary idleness"
“Unemployment is defined as a condition in which an individual is not in a state of remunerative occupation despite his desire do so”---- D. Mello
"Unemployment is often described as a condition of involuntary idleness”----Nava Gopal Das
Characteristics
- State of work less.
- State of remunerative.
- Condition of involuntary idleness.
Types of Unemployment
- Seasonal unemployment;
- Agricultural unemployment;
- Technological and Frictional unemployment;
- Industrial unemployment;
- Cyclical unemployment;
- Educational unemployment;
- Temporary unemployment;
- Voluntary unemployment;
- Involuntary unemployment or under-employment
Causes of Unemployment
- Individual or personal factors of unemployment.
- Age factor
- Vocational Unfitness
- Illness and/or physical disabilities or incapabilities
- External factors or Technological and economic factors.
- The enormous increase in population.
- Trade cycle.
- Technological Advance-Mechanization-Automation.
- Strikes and Lockouts.
Other causes
- Un-preparedness to accept socially degrading jobs.
- Defects in our Educational system.
- Geographic immobility of the Workers.
Evil Effects of Unemployment
- Unemployment and personal disorganization.
- Unemployment and Family disorganization.
- Unemployment and social disorganization.
- Irreparable Economic Losses
Remedial Measurement and Suggestion
- Population control.
- Promoting economic development.
- Promoting agricultural development.
- Irrigation projects
- Development of fisheries, forest, and Animal Husbandry.
- Encourage of cottage and household, industries.
- Encouragement for Growing Commercial Crops.
- Attractive Local Programs and Projects
- Industrial development.
- Education reforms
- Five-Year Plans